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Supplement, Vitamin and Herb Ingredient Glossary

Ingredient Glossary: Aa-Am

Adenosine
A chemical that is present in all human cells.
Also known as: Adenine Nucleoside, Adenine Riboside, Adenosina, Adenosine Phosphate, Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium, Adenosine; Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP); Adenosine-5-monophosphate (A5MP); Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP); Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
Abscess Root
An herb; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: American Greek Valerian, Blue Bells, False Jacob's Ladder, Polémoine Rampante, Sweatroot, Polemonium Reptans.
Abuta
An herb; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Bejunco de Cerca, Butua, Cissampelos pareira, False Pareira, Menispermaceae, Pareira, Patacon, Patha, Velvetleaf, Xi Sheng Teng.
Acacia
A gum; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Acacia Arabica, Acacia Senegal, Acacia verek, Goma Arábiga, Gum Acacia, Gum Arabic, Bum Senegal, Bomme Arabique, Bomme de Senegal, Bummae Momosae, Khadir, Kher, Kumatia, Mimosa senegal, Senegalia Senegal.
Acai
A palm tree; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Açaï, Acai Berry, Açaï d'Amazonie, Acai Extract, Acai Fruit, Acai Palm, Amazon Acai, Amazon Acai Berry, Assai, Assai Palm, Baie d'Açaï, Baie de Palmier Pinot, Cabbage Palm, Chou Palmiste, Euterpe badiocarpa, Euterpe oleracea, Extrait d'Açaï, Fruit d'Açaï, Palmier d'Açaï.
Acerol
A fruit; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Acerola Cherry, Barbados Cherry, Puerto Rican Cherry, West Indian Cherry. Malpighia glabra, Malpighia punicifolia.
Acetyl-l-carnitine
An amino acid (a protein component) that is naturally produced in the body.
Also known as: Acetil-L-Carnitina, Acetyl Carnitine, Acetyl L-Carnitine, Acétyl-L-Carnitine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate Dihydrochloride, Acetyl-L-Carnitine Arginate HCl, Acetyl-L-Carnitine HCl, Acetyl L-Carnitine Hydrochloride, Acetyl-Carnitine, Acetyl-Levocarnitine, Acetylcarnitine, ALC, Alcar, Carnitine Acetyl Ester, Gamma-Trimethyl-Beta-Acetylbutyrobetaine, L-acetylcarnitine, Levacecarnine, N-Acetyl-Carnitine, N-Acetyl-L-Carnitine, ST-200, Vitamin B(t) Acetate, 2-(acetyloxy)-3-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium inner salt; (3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)trimethylammonium hydroxide inner salt acetate.
Ackee
A plant; The fruit is commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Ackée, Akee, Aki, Akí, Anjye, Arbre Fricasse, Ishin, Jakí, Seso Vegetal, Blighia Sapida, Cupania sapida.
Aconite
A plant; The root is commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Aconit, Aconiti Tuber, Acónito, Aconitum, Aconitum Angustifolium, Aconitum napellus, Aconitum carmichaeli, Aconitum kusnezoffi, Atis, Ativisha, Autumn Monkshood, Bachnag, Bikhma, Blue Monkshood Root, Caowu, Chuanwu, Chuan-wu, Fu Zi, Futzu, Helmet Flower, Monkshood, Monkshood Tuber, Prativisha, Radix Aconiti, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, Vachnag, Vatsnabh, Visha, Wild Aconitum, Wolfsbane, Wutou.
Activated Charcoal
Similar to common charcoal, but is made specifically for use as a medicine.
Also known as: Activated Carbon, Animal Charcoal, Carbon, Carbo Vegetabilis, Carbón Activado, Charbon Activé, Charcoal, Gas Black, Lamp Black, Medicinal Charcoal, Vegetable Carbon, Vegetable Charcoal.
Adenosine
A chemical that is present in all human cells.
Also known as: Adenine Nucleoside, Adenine Riboside, Adenosina, Adenosine Phosphate, Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate Disodium, Adenosine; Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP); Adenosine-5-monophosphate (A5MP); Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP); Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
Adenosylmethionine
A chemical that is found in the body. It can also be made in the laboratory.
Also known as: Ademetionine, Adenosylmethionine, Adénosylméthionine, S-Adenosyl Methionine, S-Adénosyl Méthionine, S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine, S-Adénosyl-L-Méthionine, S-Adenosylmethionine, S-Adénosylméthionine, S-Adenosylmethionine Butanedisulfonate, S-Adenosylmethionine Tosylate, S-Adenosylmethionine Tosylate Disulfate, SAM, SAM-e, Sammy.
Adrenal Extract
A chemical that is made from the adrenal glands of slaughtered cows, pigs, and sheep.
Also known as: ACE, Adrenal, Adrenal Complex, Adrenal Concentrate, Adrenal Cortex, Adrenal Cortex Extract, Adrenal Factors, Adrenal Medulla, Adrenal Polypeptide Fractions, Adrenal Powder, Adrenal Substance, Extracto Suprarrenal, Extrait de Glandes Surrénales, Glandular, Lyophilized Adrenal Tissue, Whole Adrenal Extract.
Adrue
A plant native to Turkey, Jamaica, and the Nile River region.
Also known as: Chintul, Cyperus, Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus corymbosus, Guinea Rush, Jointed Flat Sedge, Piripiri.
African Wild Potato
A plant; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: African Potato, Bantu Tulip, Hypoxis, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Hypoxis Plant, Hypoxis Rooperi, Papa Silvestre Africana, Pomme de Terre Sauvage d'Afrique, South African Star Grass, Sterretjie
Aga
A mushroom; The above ground pieces are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Amanita Muscaria, Amanite Tue-Mouches, Fly Agaric, Soma.
Agar
A plant; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Agar-Agar, Agarweed, Chinese Gelatin, Colle du Japon, Garacilaria Confervoides, Gelidiella Acerosa, Gelidium Amanasii, Gelidium Cartilagineum, Gelidium Crinale, Gelidium Divaricatum, Gelidium Pacificum, Gelidium Vagum, Gelosa, Gelosae, Japanese Isinglas, Kanten Diet, Kanten Jelly, Kanten Plan, Layor Carang, Qion Zhi, Seaweed Gelatin, Vegetable Gelatin, Vegetarian Gelatin.
Agaricus Mushroom
A fungus; The extract is used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Agaricus, Agaricus Bisporus Mushroom, Agaricus blazei, Agarikusutake, Brazil Mushroom, Brazilian Mushroom, Brazilian Sun-Mushroom, Callampa Agaricus, Kawariharatake, Himematsutake, Mushroom, Sun Mushroom.
Agrimony
An herb; The dried, above-ground pieces of the plant are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Agrimonia, Agrimonia eupatoria, Aigremoine, Common Agrimony, Church Steeples, Churchsteeples, Cockeburr, Cocklebur, Da Hua Long Ya Cao, Fragrant Agrimony, Herba Agrimoniae, Philanthropos, Sticklewort.
Ahcc
A group of chemicals made from fungus.
Also known as: Active hexose correlated compound, Basidiomycetes extract, Fungi extract.
Ajuga Nipponensis
An herb; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Ajuga, Junihitoe.
Alanine
A non-essential amino acid.
Also known as: 3-aminopropanoic acid, 3-aminopropionic Acid, b-Ala, B-alanine, B-aminopropionic Acid, Beta-alanina, Beta-alanine Ethyl Ester, Beta-amino Acid, Non-essential Amino Acid.
Alchemilla
An herb; The above-ground pieces of the plant are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Alchemilla vulgaris, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Alquimila, Alquimilla, Feuilles d'Alchemille, Frauenmantelkraut, Lady's Mantle, Leontopodium, Lion's Foot, Manto de la Virgen, Marienmantel, Nine Hooks, Nueve Ganchos, Pie de León, Silerkraut, Stellaria.
Alder Buckthorn
A plant; The bark of the plant is commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Alder Dogwood, Arraclán, Arrow Wood, Black Dogwood, Buckthorn, Buckthorn Bark, Dog Wood, Frángula, Frangula, Frangula Alnus, Frangula Bark, Frangulae Cortex, Glossy Buckthorn, Nerprun Bourdaine, Rhamnus Frangula.
Aletris
A plant; The root is commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Ague Grass, Ague Root, Aletris farinosa, Aloerot, Blazing Star, Colic Root, Crow Corn, Devil's-bit, Stargrass, Starwort, True Unicorn Root, Unicorn Root, Whitetube Stargrass.
Alfalfa
An herb; The above-ground pieces of the plant are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Feuille De Luzerne, Lucerne, Luzerne, Medicago, Phyoestrogen, Purple Medick, Medicago Sativa.
Algin
A chemical taken from brown seaweeds commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Alginate, Alginates, Alginato, Ascophyllum Nodosum, Laminaria Digitata, Macrocystis Pyrifera, Pacific Kelp, Sea Whistle, Sodium Alginate.
Alkanna
A plant; The root is commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Alkanet, Alkanna lehmanii, Alkanna Radix, Alkanna tinctoria, Alkanna tuberculata, Anchusa, Anchusa bracteolata, Anchusa tuberculata, Dyer's Bugloss, Henna, Lithospermum lehmanii, Orchanet, Radix Anchusae.
Allspice
A plant; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Allspice Essential Oil, Clove Pepper, Eugenia Pimenta, Jamaica Pepper, Pimenta Dioica, Pimento, Quatre-Épices, Spanish Pimienta, West Pimenta
Aloe
A plant; A clear, jelly-like substance found in the inner part of the aloe leaf. Aloe latex comes from just under the skin of the leaf and is yellow in color.
Also known as: Aloe africana, Aloe arborescens, Aloe barbadensis, Aloe Capensis, Aloe ferox, Aloe frutescens, Aloe Gel, Aloe indica, Aloe Latex, Aloe Leaf Gel, Aloe natalenis, Aloe Perfoliata, Aloe perryi, Aloe spicata, Aloe supralaevis, Aloe ucriae, Aloe Vera Barbenoids, Aloe Vera Gel, Aloe vera, Aloes, Aloès, Aloès de Curaçao, Aloès des Barbades, Aloès du Cap, Aloès Vrai, Aloès Vulgaire, Arborescens natalenis, Barbados Aloe, Burn Plant, Cape Aloe, Chritkumari, Curacao Aloe, Elephant's Gall, Gel de la Feuille d'Aloès, Ghee-Kunwar, Ghi-Kuvar, Ghrita-Kumari, Gvar Patha, Hsiang-Dan, Indian Aloe, Jafarabad Aloe, Kanya, Kumari, Latex d'Aloès, Lily of the Desert, Lu-Hui, Miracle Plant, Plant of Immortality, Plante de l'Immortalité, Plante de la Peau, Plante de Premiers Secours, Plante Miracle, Plantes des Brûlures, Sábila.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids
A group of natural acids from foods.
Also known as: Acidos Alfa-Hydroxi, AHA, Alpha Hydroxy Acides, Alpha-Hydroxyethanoic Acid, Apple Acid, Citric Acid, Dihydroxysuccinic Acid (Tartaric Acid), Gluconolactone, Glycolic Acid, Hydroxyacetic Acid (Glycolic Acid), Hydroxycaprylic Acid, Hydroxypropionic Acid, Hydroxysuccinic Acid, Lactic Acid, Malic Acid, Mixed Fruit Acid, Monohydroxysuccinic Acid (Malic Acid), 2-hydroxypropionic acid (Lactic Acid).
Alpha-gpc
A chemical from a fatty acid found in soy.
Also known as: Alfa-GPC, Alpha Glycerol Phosphoryl Choline, Alpha-Glyceryl Phosphoryl Choline, Alpha-Glyceryl Phosphatidylcholine, Alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, Choline alphoscerate, Glycerophosphorylcholine, GPC, GroPCho, L-A-Glyceryl Phosphorylcholine, L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine.
Alpha-ketoglutarate
A chemical found in the body.
Also known as: A-Ketoglutaric Acid, Alfa-Cetoglutarato, Alpha-Cétoglutarate, Alpha Ketoglutarate, Alpha Ketoglutaric Acid, Alpha KG, AAKG, AKG, Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, Calcium Alpha-Ketoglutarate, Creatine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, Glutamine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, L-Arginine Alpha Keto Glutarate, L-Leucine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, Taurine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, 2-Oxoglutaric Acid, 2-Oxopentanedoicic Acid.
Alpha-linolenic Acid
An essential fatty acid that is needed for normal human growth and development.
Also known as: Acide Alpha-Linolénique, Ácido Alfa Linolénico, Acide Gras Essentiel, ALA, Acide Linolénique, Acide Gras N3, Acide Gras Oméga 3, Acide Gras Polyinsaturé Oméga 3, Acide Gras Polyinsaturé N3, Essential Fatty Acid, Linolenic Acid, LNA, N-3 Fatty Acid, N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid, Omega 3, Omega 3 Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid.
Alpha-lipoic Acid
A vitamin-like chemical called an antioxidant. Good sources of alpha-lipoic acid include yeast, liver, kidney, spinach, broccoli, and potatoes.
Also known as: Acetate Replacing Factor, A-Lipoic Acid, Acide Alpha-Lipoïque, Acide Alpha-Lipoïque R, Acide DL-Alpha-Lipoïque, Acide Lipoïque, Acide Thioctique, Acide 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoïque, Acide 1,2-dithiolane-3-valérique, Acide 5 Valérique (1,2-dithiolan-3-yl), Acide 6,8-dithiooctanoïque, Acide 6,8-Thioctique, Acido Alfa Lipoico, Alpha-Lipoic Acid Extract, ALA, Biletan, Extrait d'acide Alpha-Lipoïque, Lipoic Acid, Lipoicin, R-ALA, R-Alpha-Lipoic Acid R, S-Alpha Lipoic Acid, (R)-Lipoic Acid, R-Lipoic Acid, RS-Alpha-Lipoic Acid Thioctacid, Thioctan, Thioctic Acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-valeric acid, 6,8-dithiooctanoic acid, 6,8-thioctic acid, 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl) valeric acid.
Alpine Cranberry
A plant; The leaves and berries are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Airelle, Cowberry, Dry Ground Cranberry, Foxberry, Lingen, Lingenberry, Lingon, Lingonberry, Lowbush Cranberry, Moss Cranberry, Mountain Cranberry, Partridgeberry, Red Bilberry, Redberries, Red Whortleberry, Rock Cranberry, Shore Cranberry, Vine of Mount Ida.
Alpine Lady's Mantle
An herb; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Alchemilla alpina, Alchemillae Alpinae Herba, Alchémille Alpine.
Alpine Ragwort
A plant; The above-ground pieces of the plant are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Ragwort, Senecio Herb, Séneçon des Sarrasins, Senecio nemorensis.
Alpinia
A plant related to ginger; The root-like stem is used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Alpinia Officinarum, Catarrh Root, China Root, Chinese Ginger, Colic Root, East India Catarrh Root, East India Root, Galanga, Galangal, Galangal Root, Galangal Officinal, Galgant, Gao Liang, Gao Liang Jiang, Gargaut, India Root, Languas officinarum, Lesser Galangal, Radix Alpiniae Officinarum, Rasna, Rhizome Galangae.
Amaranth
A plant; The leaf contains a small amount of vitamin C.
Also known as: Amaranthus frumentaceus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus leucocarpus, Chua, Huantli, Lady Bleeding, Love-Lies-Bleeding, Lovely Bleeding, Pilewort, Prince's Feather, Red Cockscomb, Rhamdana, Velvet Flower.
Ambrette
A plant; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Abelmoschus Moschatus, Abelmosco, Abelmosk, Ambretta, Ambrette Plant, Egyptian Alcee, Hibisco, Hibiscus abelmoschus, Gandapura, Kasturidana, Kasturilatika, Latakasthuri, Latakasturi, Lata Kasturi, Lathakasthuri, Muskadana, Muskmallow, Musk-Mallow, Musk Seed, Okra, Target-Leaved Hibiscus, Tindisha.
American Adder's Tongue
A plant; The leaves and stem-like parts are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Dog's Tooth Violet, Érythrone d' Amérique, Erythronium, Erythronium americanum, Lamb's Tongue, Rattlesnake Violet, Serpent's Tongue, Snake Leaf, Yellow Snakeleaf, Yellow Snowdrop.
American Bittersweet
A plant; The root and bark are commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Célastre Grimpant, Celastrus scandens, False Bittersweet, Waxwork.
American Chestnut
A plant; The leaves and bark are commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Castanea americana, Castanea dentata, Châtaignier d'Amérique.
American Dogwood
A plant; The bark is commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Bitter Redberry, Box Tree, Boxwood, Budwood, Cornejo Florido, Cornel, Cornelian Tree, Cornouiller Americain, Cornus, Cornus florida, Dog-Tree, Dogwood, False Box, Green Ozier, Osier, Rose Willow, Sanguiñuelo Florido, Silky Cornel, Swamp Dogwood.
American Elder
A plant; The plant has lots of vitamin C and the flower and ripe fruit are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: American Elderberry, Common Elderberry, Elderberry, Elder Flower, Sabugueiro, Sambucus, Sambucus canadensis, Saúco, Saúco de Canada, Sureau, Sweet Elder.
American Hellebore
A plant; The bulb and root are used to for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: American Veratrum, American White Hellebore, Bugbane, Devil's Bite, Earth Gall, False Hellebore, Faux Hellébore, Green Hellebore, Green Veratrum, Indian Poke, Itchweed, Tickleweed Veratro Verde, Veratrum viride.
American Ivy
A plant; Commonly used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: American Woodbine, Creeper, False Grapes, Five Leaves, Herbe à la Puce, Ivy, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Virginia Creeper, Wild Woodbine, Wild Woodvine, Woody Climber.
American Mistletoe
A plant; The flower, fruit, leaf, and stem are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Eastern Mistletoe, Gui Americain, Mistletoe, Muérdago Americano.
American Pawpaw
A plant; The bark, leaf, and seed are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Annona triloba, Asimina, Asimina triloba, Custard Apple, Dog-Banana, Papaye American, Pawpaw, Paw Paw.
American Spikenard
A plant; The root is used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Aralia à Grappes, Aralia Racemosa, Indian Root, Life-of-Man, Life of Man, Old Man's Root, Pettymorell, Spignet, Small Spikenard, Spikenard.
American White Pond Lily
A plant; The bulb and root are used for medicinal purposes.
Also known as: Cow Cabbage, Nymphaea maximilianii, Nymphaea odorata, Nymphaea rosea, Nymphée Odorante, Pond Lily, Water Cabbage, Water Lily, Water Nymph.

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